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ElasticSearch Indexes Backup

This article explains how to create backups of Elasticsearch indexes, restore and delete them using the standard features of the Elasticsearch engine.

Elasticsearch supports the creation of backups (snapshots in the Elasticsearch terminology) for the whole cluster or for the selected indexes only. There is also a way to customize the places where these backups are stored (repositories in the Elasticsearch terminology). Check the Modules Snapshot topic in the official documentation for more details.

Repositories

  1. Register a new repository to store your snapshots. The most common repository type is file system (FS) and this type will be used for demonstration.

    Set up the directory where the snapshots will be stored in the Elasticsearch configuration (it is usually stored in the elasticsearch.yml file):

    path.repo: /mnt/backups

    Then you need to restart Elasticsearch engine to apply this change. Please make sure that Elasticsearch user has permissions to read and write to this location.

  2. Restart the Elasticsearch engine to apply this change. Make sure that the Elasticsearch user has permissions to read and write to this location.

  3. Proceed to creating a file system repository:

    curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{ "type": "fs", "settings": { "location": "oro_backups" } }'

    The example above illustrates that all snapshots created in this repository will in fact be stored in the /mnt/backups/oro_backups directory.

  4. To check the list of snapshots inside the repository, run:

    curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro?pretty"

  5. To delete the repository when it is no longer required, unregister it by running:

    curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro"

Snapshots

Once the repository is ready, you can create a snapshot inside it.

  1. To back up all indexes from your cluster, run the command below. Keep in mind that it may take a while to finish.

    curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true"

  2. Validate the content of /mnt/backups/oro_backups, it should contain the new files. You can also ask Elasticsearch for the information about a specific snapshot:

    curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro/snapshot_1?pretty"

    This command produces a list of indexes, the backup start / end time, and other useful information.

  3. To restore the state of the cluster from this snapshot, call the following command (this may require some time to finish):

    curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro/snapshot_1/_restore"

  4. To remove a snapshot, run:

    curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_snapshot/oro/snapshot_1"